Linux 安装

1. 概述

Linux 是 RabbitMQ 生产环境部署的首选平台。本章将详细介绍在 Ubuntu/Debian 和 CentOS/RHEL 系统上安装 RabbitMQ 的多种方式，包括包管理器安装、二进制安装和源码编译安装。

2. 系统要求

2.1 支持的 Linux 发行版

发行版	版本要求	架构
Ubuntu	18.04 LTS, 20.04 LTS, 22.04 LTS, 24.04 LTS	x86_64, ARM64
Debian	10 (Buster), 11 (Bullseye), 12 (Bookworm)	x86_64, ARM64
CentOS	7, 8, Stream 9	x86_64, ARM64
RHEL	7, 8, 9	x86_64, ARM64
Rocky Linux	8, 9	x86_64, ARM64
AlmaLinux	8, 9	x86_64, ARM64

2.2 依赖检查

bash

cat /etc/os-release
uname -r
free -h
df -h /var

3. Ubuntu/Debian 安装

3.1 方式一：使用官方 APT 仓库（推荐）

步骤 1：安装依赖

bash

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y curl gnupg apt-transport-https

步骤 2：添加 Erlang 仓库

bash

curl -1sLf 'https://keys.openpgp.org/vks/v1/by-fingerprint/0A9AF2115F4687BD29803A206B73A36E6026DFCA' | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/com.rabbitmq.team.gpg

curl -1sLf 'https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key' | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/rabbitmq.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.gpg

curl -1sLf 'https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq.9F4587F226208342.key' | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/rabbitmq.9F4587F226208342.gpg

步骤 3：添加 RabbitMQ 仓库

Ubuntu 22.04：

bash

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rabbitmq.list << 'EOF'
deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/com.rabbitmq.team.gpg] https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/deb/ubuntu jammy main
deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/com.rabbitmq.team.gpg] https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/deb/ubuntu jammy main
deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/rabbitmq.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.gpg] https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/deb/ubuntu jammy main
deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/rabbitmq.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.gpg] https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/deb/ubuntu jammy main
EOF

Ubuntu 20.04：

bash

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rabbitmq.list << 'EOF'
deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/com.rabbitmq.team.gpg] https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/deb/ubuntu focal main
deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/com.rabbitmq.team.gpg] https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/deb/ubuntu focal main
deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/rabbitmq.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.gpg] https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/deb/ubuntu focal main
deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/rabbitmq.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.gpg] https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/deb/ubuntu focal main
EOF

步骤 4：安装 RabbitMQ

bash

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y rabbitmq-server

步骤 5：启动服务

bash

sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server
sudo systemctl enable rabbitmq-server
sudo systemctl status rabbitmq-server

3.2 方式二：使用 CloudSmith 仓库

bash

sudo apt-get install -y curl gnupg apt-transport-https

curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/gpg.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key' | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/rabbitmq_erlang.gpg

curl -1sLf 'https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/gpg.9F4587F226208342.key' | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/rabbitmq_server.gpg

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/rabbitmq.list << 'EOF'
deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/rabbitmq_erlang.gpg] https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/deb/ubuntu jammy main
deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/rabbitmq_server.gpg] https://dl.cloudsmith.io/public/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/deb/ubuntu jammy main
EOF

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y rabbitmq-server

3.3 方式三：下载 DEB 包安装

bash

ERLANG_VERSION="26.2.5"
RABBITMQ_VERSION="3.13.0"

wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/erlang-rpm/releases/download/v${ERLANG_VERSION}/erlang_${ERLANG_VERSION}-1~ubuntu~jammy_amd64.deb

wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v${RABBITMQ_VERSION}/rabbitmq-server_${RABBITMQ_VERSION}-1_all.deb

sudo apt-get install -y ./erlang_${ERLANG_VERSION}-1~ubuntu~jammy_amd64.deb
sudo apt-get install -y ./rabbitmq-server_${RABBITMQ_VERSION}-1_all.deb

4. CentOS/RHEL 安装

4.1 方式一：使用 YUM 仓库（推荐）

步骤 1：安装依赖

bash

sudo yum install -y curl epel-release
sudo yum install -y socat logrotate

步骤 2：添加 Erlang 仓库

CentOS/RHEL 8：

bash

sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq-erlang.repo << 'EOF'
[rabbitmq_erlang]
name=rabbitmq_erlang
baseurl=https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/rpm/el/8/$basearch
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
EOF

CentOS/RHEL 9：

bash

sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq-erlang.repo << 'EOF'
[rabbitmq_erlang]
name=rabbitmq_erlang
baseurl=https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-erlang/rpm/el/9/$basearch
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq.E495BB49CC4BBE5B.key
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
EOF

步骤 3：添加 RabbitMQ 仓库

bash

sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq-server.repo << 'EOF'
[rabbitmq_server]
name=rabbitmq_server
baseurl=https://ppa1.novemberain.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/rpm/el/8/$basearch
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://github.com/rabbitmq/signing-keys/releases/download/3.0/cloudsmith.rabbitmq.9F4587F226208342.key
repo_gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
EOF

步骤 4：安装 RabbitMQ

bash

sudo yum install -y rabbitmq-server

步骤 5：启动服务

bash

sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server
sudo systemctl enable rabbitmq-server
sudo systemctl status rabbitmq-server

4.2 方式二：下载 RPM 包安装

bash

ERLANG_VERSION="26.2.5"
RABBITMQ_VERSION="3.13.0"

wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/erlang-rpm/releases/download/v${ERLANG_VERSION}/erlang-${ERLANG_VERSION}-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v${RABBITMQ_VERSION}/rabbitmq-server-${RABBITMQ_VERSION}-1.el8.noarch.rpm

sudo yum install -y ./erlang-${ERLANG_VERSION}-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
sudo yum install -y ./rabbitmq-server-${RABBITMQ_VERSION}-1.el8.noarch.rpm

4.3 方式三：使用 dnf（RHEL 8/9）

bash

sudo dnf install -y epel-release
sudo dnf install -y socat logrotate

sudo dnf install -y https://github.com/rabbitmq/erlang-rpm/releases/download/v26.2.5/erlang-26.2.5-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

sudo dnf install -y https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v3.13.0/rabbitmq-server-3.13.0-1.el9.noarch.rpm

5. 二进制安装

5.1 下载二进制包

bash

RABBITMQ_VERSION="3.13.0"
ERLANG_VERSION="26.2"

cd /opt

wget https://github.com/erlang/otp/releases/download/OTP-${ERLANG_VERSION}/otp_src_${ERLANG_VERSION}.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v${RABBITMQ_VERSION}/rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-${RABBITMQ_VERSION}.tar.xz

5.2 编译安装 Erlang

bash

sudo yum install -y gcc glibc-devel make ncurses-devel openssl-devel autoconf

tar -xzf otp_src_${ERLANG_VERSION}.tar.gz
cd otp_src_${ERLANG_VERSION}
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/erlang
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/erlang/bin:$PATH' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

5.3 安装 RabbitMQ

bash

cd /opt
tar -xJf rabbitmq-server-generic-unix-${RABBITMQ_VERSION}.tar.xz
sudo mv rabbitmq_server-${RABBITMQ_VERSION} /usr/local/rabbitmq

echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin:$PATH' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

5.4 创建 systemd 服务

bash

sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service > /dev/null << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=RabbitMQ broker
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=notify
User=rabbitmq
Group=rabbitmq
Environment="PATH=/usr/local/erlang/bin:/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin"
ExecStart=/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-server
ExecStop=/usr/local/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl stop
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server
sudo systemctl enable rabbitmq-server

6. 配置说明

6.1 配置文件位置

文件类型	位置	说明
主配置文件	/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf	RabbitMQ 配置
环境变量	/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf	环境变量配置
高级配置	/etc/rabbitmq/advanced.config	Erlang 术语配置
运行时配置	/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.d/	运行时配置目录

6.2 基础配置示例

bash

sudo tee /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf > /dev/null << 'EOF'
listeners.tcp.default = 5672
management.tcp.port = 15672

default_user = guest
default_pass = guest

loopback_users = none

vm_memory_high_watermark.relative = 0.6
disk_free_limit.absolute = 1GB

log.file.level = info
log.console = true
log.console.level = info
EOF

6.3 环境变量配置

bash

sudo tee /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf > /dev/null << 'EOF'
NODENAME=rabbit@localhost
NODE_IP_ADDRESS=0.0.0.0
NODE_PORT=5672
MNESIA_BASE=/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia
LOG_BASE=/var/log/rabbitmq
EOF

6.4 启用管理插件

bash

sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

sudo systemctl restart rabbitmq-server

6.5 创建管理员用户

bash

sudo rabbitmqctl add_user admin your_password
sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags admin administrator
sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / admin ".*" ".*" ".*"

sudo rabbitmqctl delete_user guest

7. 常见问题与解决方案

7.1 服务启动失败

问题表现：

bash

sudo systemctl status rabbitmq-server
# Job for rabbitmq-server.service failed

排查步骤：

bash

sudo journalctl -u rabbitmq-server -n 50

sudo rabbitmq-server

cat /var/log/rabbitmq/*.log

解决方案：

bash

sudo chown -R rabbitmq:rabbitmq /var/lib/rabbitmq
sudo chown -R rabbitmq:rabbitmq /var/log/rabbitmq
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/lib/rabbitmq

问题表现：

Error: {badrpc,nodedown}

解决方案：

bash

sudo systemctl stop rabbitmq-server
sudo rm -f /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
sudo systemctl start rabbitmq-server

或同步 Cookie：

bash

sudo cat /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
sudo chmod 600 /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
sudo chown rabbitmq:rabbitmq /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie

7.3 端口被占用

问题表现：

Error: {listener_start_failure,5672,{already_started,<0.123.0>}}

解决方案：

bash

sudo lsof -i :5672
sudo netstat -tulnp | grep 5672

sudo kill -9 <PID>

7.4 内存告警

问题表现：

memory resource limit alarm set on node

解决方案：

bash

sudo tee -a /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf > /dev/null << 'EOF'
vm_memory_high_watermark.relative = 0.4
total_memory_available_override_value = 4GB
EOF

sudo systemctl restart rabbitmq-server

7.5 磁盘空间告警

问题表现：

disk resource limit alarm set on node

解决方案：

bash

sudo tee -a /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf > /dev/null << 'EOF'
disk_free_limit.absolute = 2GB
EOF

sudo systemctl restart rabbitmq-server

7.6 无法访问管理界面

问题表现：

访问 http://localhost:15672 无响应

解决方案：

bash

sudo rabbitmq-plugins list | grep management
sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

sudo netstat -tuln | grep 15672

sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=15672/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

7.7 用户权限问题

问题表现：

Error: ACCESS_REFUSED - Login was refused using authentication mechanism PLAIN

解决方案：

bash

sudo rabbitmqctl list_users

sudo rabbitmqctl change_password guest new_password

sudo rabbitmqctl add_user admin password
sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags admin administrator
sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / admin ".*" ".*" ".*"

8. 验证方法

8.1 检查服务状态

bash

sudo systemctl status rabbitmq-server

sudo rabbitmqctl status

sudo rabbitmqctl node_health_check

8.2 检查端口监听

bash

sudo netstat -tulnp | grep -E '5672|15672|25672|4369'

sudo ss -tulnp | grep -E '5672|15672'

8.3 检查进程

bash

ps aux | grep rabbit
ps aux | grep beam

8.4 检查日志

bash

sudo tail -f /var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@*.log

sudo rabbitmqctl eval 'application:get_env(rabbit, log).'

8.5 连接测试

bash

sudo rabbitmqctl list_queues
sudo rabbitmqctl list_exchanges
sudo rabbitmqctl list_bindings

curl -u guest:guest http://localhost:15672/api/overview

8.6 管理界面测试

bash

curl -I http://localhost:15672

curl -u guest:guest http://localhost:15672/api/whoami

9. 卸载方法

9.1 Ubuntu/Debian 卸载

bash

sudo systemctl stop rabbitmq-server
sudo systemctl disable rabbitmq-server

sudo apt-get remove -y rabbitmq-server
sudo apt-get autoremove -y

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/rabbitmq
sudo rm -rf /var/log/rabbitmq
sudo rm -rf /etc/rabbitmq

9.2 CentOS/RHEL 卸载

bash

sudo systemctl stop rabbitmq-server
sudo systemctl disable rabbitmq-server

sudo yum remove -y rabbitmq-server

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/rabbitmq
sudo rm -rf /var/log/rabbitmq
sudo rm -rf /etc/rabbitmq

Linux 安装 ​

1. 概述 ​

2. 系统要求 ​

2.1 支持的 Linux 发行版 ​

2.2 依赖检查 ​

3. Ubuntu/Debian 安装 ​

3.1 方式一：使用官方 APT 仓库（推荐） ​

3.2 方式二：使用 CloudSmith 仓库 ​

3.3 方式三：下载 DEB 包安装 ​

4. CentOS/RHEL 安装 ​

4.1 方式一：使用 YUM 仓库（推荐） ​

4.2 方式二：下载 RPM 包安装 ​

4.3 方式三：使用 dnf（RHEL 8/9） ​

5. 二进制安装 ​

5.1 下载二进制包 ​

5.2 编译安装 Erlang ​

5.3 安装 RabbitMQ ​

5.4 创建 systemd 服务 ​

6. 配置说明 ​

6.1 配置文件位置 ​

6.2 基础配置示例 ​

6.3 环境变量配置 ​

6.4 启用管理插件 ​

6.5 创建管理员用户 ​

7. 常见问题与解决方案 ​

7.1 服务启动失败 ​

7.2 Erlang Cookie 不一致 ​

7.3 端口被占用 ​

7.4 内存告警 ​

7.5 磁盘空间告警 ​

7.6 无法访问管理界面 ​

7.7 用户权限问题 ​

8. 验证方法 ​

8.1 检查服务状态 ​

8.2 检查端口监听 ​

8.3 检查进程 ​

8.4 检查日志 ​

8.5 连接测试 ​

8.6 管理界面测试 ​

9. 卸载方法 ​

9.1 Ubuntu/Debian 卸载 ​

9.2 CentOS/RHEL 卸载 ​

10. 相关链接 ​

Linux 安装

1. 概述

2. 系统要求

2.1 支持的 Linux 发行版

2.2 依赖检查

3. Ubuntu/Debian 安装

3.1 方式一：使用官方 APT 仓库（推荐）

3.2 方式二：使用 CloudSmith 仓库

3.3 方式三：下载 DEB 包安装

4. CentOS/RHEL 安装

4.1 方式一：使用 YUM 仓库（推荐）

4.2 方式二：下载 RPM 包安装

4.3 方式三：使用 dnf（RHEL 8/9）

5. 二进制安装

5.1 下载二进制包

5.2 编译安装 Erlang

5.3 安装 RabbitMQ

5.4 创建 systemd 服务

6. 配置说明

6.1 配置文件位置

6.2 基础配置示例

6.3 环境变量配置

6.4 启用管理插件

6.5 创建管理员用户

7. 常见问题与解决方案

7.1 服务启动失败

7.2 Erlang Cookie 不一致

7.3 端口被占用

7.4 内存告警

7.5 磁盘空间告警

7.6 无法访问管理界面

7.7 用户权限问题

8. 验证方法

8.1 检查服务状态

8.2 检查端口监听

8.3 检查进程

8.4 检查日志

8.5 连接测试

8.6 管理界面测试

9. 卸载方法

9.1 Ubuntu/Debian 卸载

9.2 CentOS/RHEL 卸载

10. 相关链接