Docker 部署

1. 概述

Docker 是部署 RabbitMQ 最便捷的方式之一，特别适合开发、测试和 CI/CD 环境。本章将详细介绍使用 Docker 和 Docker Compose 部署 RabbitMQ 的多种方式，包括单节点部署、集群部署和高可用配置。

2. 系统要求

2.1 Docker 版本要求

组件	最低版本	推荐版本
Docker Engine	20.10+	24.0+
Docker Compose	2.0+	2.20+

2.2 硬件资源建议

部署类型	CPU	内存	磁盘
开发环境	1 核	1 GB	5 GB
测试环境	2 核	2 GB	10 GB
生产环境	4 核+	4 GB+	50 GB+

2.3 检查 Docker 环境

bash

docker --version
docker compose version

docker info | grep -E "Server Version|Storage Driver|Cgroup"

3. 单节点部署

3.1 快速启动

bash

docker run -d --name rabbitmq \
  -p 5672:5672 \
  -p 15672:15672 \
  rabbitmq:3.13-management

3.2 带持久化的启动

bash

docker run -d --name rabbitmq \
  --hostname rabbitmq \
  -p 5672:5672 \
  -p 15672:15672 \
  -v rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq \
  -v rabbitmq_log:/var/log/rabbitmq \
  rabbitmq:3.13-management

3.3 带自定义配置的启动

bash

docker run -d --name rabbitmq \
  --hostname rabbitmq \
  -p 5672:5672 \
  -p 15672:15672 \
  -v rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq \
  -v rabbitmq_log:/var/log/rabbitmq \
  -v ./rabbitmq.conf:/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf:ro \
  -v ./enabled_plugins:/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins:ro \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin123 \
  rabbitmq:3.13-management

3.4 完整配置示例

bash

docker run -d --name rabbitmq \
  --hostname rabbitmq \
  --restart unless-stopped \
  -p 5672:5672 \
  -p 5671:5671 \
  -p 15672:15672 \
  -p 15671:15671 \
  -p 25672:25672 \
  -p 4369:4369 \
  -v rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq \
  -v rabbitmq_log:/var/log/rabbitmq \
  -v ./conf/rabbitmq.conf:/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf:ro \
  -v ./conf/enabled_plugins:/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins:ro \
  -v ./certs:/etc/rabbitmq/certs:ro \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=YourStrongPassword123 \
  -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=/ \
  -e RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE='RABBITMQ_CLUSTER_COOKIE' \
  --memory="2g" \
  --memory-swap="2g" \
  --cpus="2" \
  --ulimit nofile=65536:65536 \
  --health-cmd="rabbitmqctl status" \
  --health-interval=30s \
  --health-timeout=10s \
  --health-retries=5 \
  rabbitmq:3.13-management

4. Docker Compose 部署

4.1 基础 Docker Compose 配置

创建 docker-compose.yml 文件：

yaml

version: '3.8'

services:
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    container_name: rabbitmq
    hostname: rabbitmq
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: admin
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: admin123
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST: /
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
      - rabbitmq_log:/var/log/rabbitmq
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "rabbitmqctl", "status"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 5
      start_period: 40s

volumes:
  rabbitmq_data:
  rabbitmq_log:

networks:
  default:
    name: rabbitmq_network

4.2 生产环境 Docker Compose 配置

yaml

version: '3.8'

services:
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    container_name: rabbitmq
    hostname: rabbitmq
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "5671:5671"
      - "15672:15672"
      - "15671:15671"
      - "25672:25672"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: ${RABBITMQ_USER:-admin}
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: ${RABBITMQ_PASS:-admin123}
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST: ${RABBITMQ_VHOST:-/}
      RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE: ${RABBITMQ_COOKIE:-RABBITMQ_CLUSTER_COOKIE}
      RABBITMQ_NODENAME: rabbit@rabbitmq
    volumes:
      - ./conf/rabbitmq.conf:/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf:ro
      - ./conf/advanced.config:/etc/rabbitmq/advanced.config:ro
      - ./conf/enabled_plugins:/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins:ro
      - ./certs:/etc/rabbitmq/certs:ro
      - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
      - rabbitmq_log:/var/log/rabbitmq
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '2'
          memory: 2G
        reservations:
          cpus: '1'
          memory: 1G
    ulimits:
      nofile:
        soft: 65536
        hard: 65536
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "rabbitmqctl", "status"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 5
      start_period: 60s
    logging:
      driver: "json-file"
      options:
        max-size: "100m"
        max-file: "5"
    networks:
      - rabbitmq_network

volumes:
  rabbitmq_data:
    driver: local
  rabbitmq_log:
    driver: local

networks:
  rabbitmq_network:
    driver: bridge

4.3 配置文件

rabbitmq.conf：

conf

listeners.tcp.default = 5672
management.tcp.port = 15672

default_user = admin
default_pass = admin123

loopback_users = none

vm_memory_high_watermark.relative = 0.6
disk_free_limit.absolute = 1GB

log.file.level = info
log.console = true
log.console.level = info

default_vhost = /
default_permissions.configure = .*
default_permissions.write = .*
default_permissions.read = .*

consumer_timeout = 1800000
heartbeat = 60

channel_max = 2048

enabled_plugins：

erlang

[rabbitmq_management,rabbitmq_prometheus,rabbitmq_web_stomp,rabbitmq_mqtt].

advanced.config：

erlang

[
  {rabbit, [
    {default_user, <<"admin">>},
    {default_pass, <<"admin123">>},
    {tcp_listeners, [5672]},
    {ssl_listeners, [5671]},
    {ssl_options, [
      {cacertfile, "/etc/rabbitmq/certs/ca.crt"},
      {certfile, "/etc/rabbitmq/certs/server.crt"},
      {keyfile, "/etc/rabbitmq/certs/server.key"},
      {verify, verify_peer},
      {fail_if_no_peer_cert, false}
    ]},
    {memory_high_watermark, {relative, 0.6}},
    {disk_free_limit, {absolute, 1000000000}}
  ]},
  {rabbitmq_management, [
    {listener, [
      {port, 15672},
      {ssl, false}
    ]}
  ]}
].

4.4 环境变量文件

创建 .env 文件：

env

RABBITMQ_USER=admin
RABBITMQ_PASS=YourStrongPassword123
RABBITMQ_VHOST=/
RABBITMQ_COOKIE=RABBITMQ_CLUSTER_COOKIE_SECRET

4.5 启动和管理

bash

# 启动服务
docker compose up -d

# 查看日志
docker compose logs -f rabbitmq

# 查看状态
docker compose ps

# 停止服务
docker compose down

# 停止并删除数据
docker compose down -v

# 重启服务
docker compose restart

# 进入容器
docker compose exec rabbitmq bash

# 执行命令
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl status
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl list_users

5. 集群部署

5.1 Docker Compose 集群配置

yaml

version: '3.8'

services:
  rabbitmq1:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    container_name: rabbitmq1
    hostname: rabbitmq1
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE: 'RABBITMQ_CLUSTER_COOKIE'
      RABBITMQ_NODENAME: rabbit@rabbitmq1
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq1_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
      - ./conf/rabbitmq.conf:/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf:ro
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "rabbitmqctl", "status"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 5
    networks:
      - rabbitmq_cluster

  rabbitmq2:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    container_name: rabbitmq2
    hostname: rabbitmq2
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "5673:5672"
      - "15673:15672"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE: 'RABBITMQ_CLUSTER_COOKIE'
      RABBITMQ_NODENAME: rabbit@rabbitmq2
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq2_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
      - ./conf/rabbitmq.conf:/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf:ro
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "rabbitmqctl", "status"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 5
    depends_on:
      rabbitmq1:
        condition: service_healthy
    networks:
      - rabbitmq_cluster

  rabbitmq3:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    container_name: rabbitmq3
    hostname: rabbitmq3
    restart: unless-stopped
    ports:
      - "5674:5672"
      - "15674:15672"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE: 'RABBITMQ_CLUSTER_COOKIE'
      RABBITMQ_NODENAME: rabbit@rabbitmq3
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq3_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
      - ./conf/rabbitmq.conf:/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf:ro
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "rabbitmqctl", "status"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 5
    depends_on:
      rabbitmq1:
        condition: service_healthy
    networks:
      - rabbitmq_cluster

volumes:
  rabbitmq1_data:
  rabbitmq2_data:
  rabbitmq3_data:

networks:
  rabbitmq_cluster:
    driver: bridge

5.2 集群初始化脚本

创建 init-cluster.sh：

bash

#!/bin/bash

set -e

echo "Waiting for RabbitMQ nodes to start..."
sleep 30

echo "Stopping rabbitmq2 and rabbitmq3..."
docker compose exec -T rabbitmq2 rabbitmqctl stop_app
docker compose exec -T rabbitmq3 rabbitmqctl stop_app

echo "Joining rabbitmq2 to cluster..."
docker compose exec -T rabbitmq2 rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq1
docker compose exec -T rabbitmq2 rabbitmqctl start_app

echo "Joining rabbitmq3 to cluster..."
docker compose exec -T rabbitmq3 rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq1
docker compose exec -T rabbitmq3 rabbitmqctl start_app

echo "Checking cluster status..."
docker compose exec -T rabbitmq1 rabbitmqctl cluster_status

echo "Cluster setup completed!"

5.3 自动集群配置

使用自动发现机制：

yaml

version: '3.8'

services:
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    deploy:
      replicas: 3
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIE: 'RABBITMQ_CLUSTER_COOKIE'
      RABBITMQ_CLUSTER_FORMATION_PEER_DISCOVERY_BACKEND: rabbit_peer_discovery_classic_config
      RABBITMQ_CLUSTER_FORMATION_CLASSIC_CONFIG_NODES: >
        rabbit@rabbitmq1,
        rabbit@rabbitmq2,
        rabbit@rabbitmq3
    volumes:
      - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
    networks:
      - rabbitmq_cluster

5.4 镜像队列策略

bash

# 设置镜像队列策略
docker compose exec rabbitmq1 rabbitmqctl set_policy ha-all ".*" \
  '{"ha-mode":"all","ha-sync-mode":"automatic"}' \
  --apply-to queues

# 查看策略
docker compose exec rabbitmq1 rabbitmqctl list_policies

6. 高级配置

6.1 SSL/TLS 配置

yaml

version: '3.8'

services:
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    container_name: rabbitmq
    hostname: rabbitmq
    ports:
      - "5671:5671"
      - "15671:15671"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_SSL_CACERTFILE: /etc/rabbitmq/certs/ca.crt
      RABBITMQ_SSL_CERTFILE: /etc/rabbitmq/certs/server.crt
      RABBITMQ_SSL_KEYFILE: /etc/rabbitmq/certs/server.key
      RABBITMQ_SSL_VERIFY: verify_peer
      RABBITMQ_SSL_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT: "false"
    volumes:
      - ./certs:/etc/rabbitmq/certs:ro
      - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq

6.2 监控配置

yaml

version: '3.8'

services:
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    container_name: rabbitmq
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
      - "15692:15692"
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: admin
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: admin123
    volumes:
      - ./conf/enabled_plugins:/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins:ro
      - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq

  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    container_name: prometheus
    ports:
      - "9090:9090"
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml:ro
    depends_on:
      - rabbitmq

  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    container_name: grafana
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD: admin
    volumes:
      - grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
    depends_on:
      - prometheus

volumes:
  rabbitmq_data:
  grafana_data:

enabled_plugins（包含 Prometheus 插件）：

erlang

[rabbitmq_management,rabbitmq_prometheus].

prometheus.yml：

yaml

global:
  scrape_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'rabbitmq'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['rabbitmq:15692']

6.3 延迟队列插件

yaml

version: '3.8'

services:
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    container_name: rabbitmq
    ports:
      - "5672:5672"
      - "15672:15672"
    volumes:
      - ./conf/enabled_plugins:/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins:ro
      - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq
    command: >
      bash -c "rabbitmq-plugins enable --offline rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange &&
               docker-entrypoint.sh rabbitmq-server"

7. 常见问题与解决方案

7.1 容器无法启动

问题表现：

Error: {"init terminating in do_boot",{undef,[{rabbit,boot,[],[]},...]}}

解决方案：

bash

# 检查日志
docker logs rabbitmq

# 清理数据重新启动
docker compose down -v
docker compose up -d

7.2 内存不足

问题表现：

memory resource limit alarm set on node

解决方案：

yaml

services:
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          memory: 2G
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_VM_MEMORY_HIGH_WATERMARK: "0.6"

7.3 集群节点无法加入

问题表现：

Error: {badrpc,nodedown}

解决方案：

bash

# 确保 Erlang Cookie 一致
docker compose exec rabbitmq1 cat /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie
docker compose exec rabbitmq2 cat /var/lib/rabbitmq/.erlang.cookie

# 检查网络连通性
docker compose exec rabbitmq2 ping rabbitmq1

# 重置节点
docker compose exec rabbitmq2 rabbitmqctl stop_app
docker compose exec rabbitmq2 rabbitmqctl reset
docker compose exec rabbitmq2 rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq1
docker compose exec rabbitmq2 rabbitmqctl start_app

7.4 数据持久化问题

问题表现：

重启后数据丢失

解决方案：

yaml

volumes:
  - rabbitmq_data:/var/lib/rabbitmq

# 或使用主机目录
volumes:
  - ./data:/var/lib/rabbitmq

7.5 时区问题

解决方案：

yaml

services:
  rabbitmq:
    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
    volumes:
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro

8. 验证方法

8.1 检查容器状态

bash

docker ps | grep rabbitmq
docker compose ps

docker inspect rabbitmq | grep -A 10 "Health"

8.2 检查服务状态

bash

docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl status
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl node_health_check

8.3 检查集群状态

bash

docker compose exec rabbitmq1 rabbitmqctl cluster_status
docker compose exec rabbitmq1 rabbitmqctl list_nodes

8.4 连接测试

bash

# HTTP API 测试
curl -u admin:admin123 http://localhost:15672/api/overview

# 端口测试
nc -zv localhost 5672
nc -zv localhost 15672

8.5 管理界面测试

bash

curl -I http://localhost:15672

# 或在浏览器访问
# http://localhost:15672

9. 常用命令速查

bash

# 启动
docker compose up -d

# 停止
docker compose down

# 重启
docker compose restart

# 查看日志
docker compose logs -f rabbitmq

# 进入容器
docker compose exec rabbitmq bash

# 执行 rabbitmqctl 命令
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl status
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl list_users
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl list_queues
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl list_exchanges

# 插件管理
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmq-plugins list
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmq-plugins enable <plugin_name>
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmq-plugins disable <plugin_name>

# 用户管理
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl add_user <username> <password>
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl set_user_tags <username> administrator
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / <username> ".*" ".*" ".*"
docker compose exec rabbitmq rabbitmqctl delete_user <username>

# 集群管理
docker compose exec rabbitmq1 rabbitmqctl cluster_status
docker compose exec rabbitmq1 rabbitmqctl stop_app
docker compose exec rabbitmq1 rabbitmqctl join_cluster rabbit@rabbitmq2
docker compose exec rabbitmq1 rabbitmqctl start_app

Docker 部署 ​

1. 概述 ​

2. 系统要求 ​

2.1 Docker 版本要求 ​

2.2 硬件资源建议 ​

2.3 检查 Docker 环境 ​

3. 单节点部署 ​

3.1 快速启动 ​

3.2 带持久化的启动 ​

3.3 带自定义配置的启动 ​

3.4 完整配置示例 ​

4. Docker Compose 部署 ​

4.1 基础 Docker Compose 配置 ​

4.2 生产环境 Docker Compose 配置 ​

4.3 配置文件 ​

4.4 环境变量文件 ​

4.5 启动和管理 ​

5. 集群部署 ​

5.1 Docker Compose 集群配置 ​

5.2 集群初始化脚本 ​

5.3 自动集群配置 ​

5.4 镜像队列策略 ​

6. 高级配置 ​

6.1 SSL/TLS 配置 ​

6.2 监控配置 ​

6.3 延迟队列插件 ​

7. 常见问题与解决方案 ​

7.1 容器无法启动 ​

7.2 内存不足 ​

7.3 集群节点无法加入 ​

7.4 数据持久化问题 ​

7.5 时区问题 ​

8. 验证方法 ​

8.1 检查容器状态 ​

8.2 检查服务状态 ​

8.3 检查集群状态 ​

8.4 连接测试 ​

8.5 管理界面测试 ​

9. 常用命令速查 ​

10. 相关链接 ​

Docker 部署

1. 概述

2. 系统要求

2.1 Docker 版本要求

2.2 硬件资源建议

2.3 检查 Docker 环境

3. 单节点部署

3.1 快速启动

3.2 带持久化的启动

3.3 带自定义配置的启动

3.4 完整配置示例

4. Docker Compose 部署

4.1 基础 Docker Compose 配置

4.2 生产环境 Docker Compose 配置

4.3 配置文件

4.4 环境变量文件

4.5 启动和管理

5. 集群部署

5.1 Docker Compose 集群配置

5.2 集群初始化脚本

5.3 自动集群配置

5.4 镜像队列策略

6. 高级配置

6.1 SSL/TLS 配置

6.2 监控配置

6.3 延迟队列插件

7. 常见问题与解决方案

7.1 容器无法启动

7.2 内存不足

7.3 集群节点无法加入

7.4 数据持久化问题

7.5 时区问题

8. 验证方法

8.1 检查容器状态

8.2 检查服务状态

8.3 检查集群状态

8.4 连接测试

8.5 管理界面测试

9. 常用命令速查

10. 相关链接